Abstract This article discusses the use of green roofs as rainfall water storage in its soil matrix. The methodology is analytical based on mathematical models, where runoff produced in an urban area is compared with current conditions of ordinary roofs with ceramic or bituminous materials as the original scenario, against another where green roofs are used. The study area is located in the Palavecino municipality of Lara state in Venezuela, in the flood zone of Quebrada Tabure. In this research, a quantitative comparison of the direct runoff hydrographs of the proposed scenarios was used, obtaining as a main result the reduction of runoff between 60% and 80% according to the period of return. An interesting point of this research was the incorporation of the routing of hydrographs on the roofs, reducing even more the peak flow over 90 %, and delaying the peak time of the generated hydrographs between 10 and 12 minutes while the total duration of the hydrographs increase more than three times.

Resumen El siguiente artículo de investigación trata sobre el uso de techos verdes como almacenadores de agua de lluvia en su matriz de suelo. La metodología es analítica basada en modelos matemáticos, en donde se compara la escorrentía producida en un urbanismo con condiciones actuales de techos ordinarios con materiales cerámicos o bituminosos como escenario original, contra otro donde se usan techos verdes. La zona de estudio se ubica en el municipio Palavecino del estado Lara en Venezuela, en la zona de inundación de la Quebrada Tabure. En esta investigación se empleó la comparación cuantitativa de los hidrogramas de escorrentía directa de los escenarios planteados, obteniendo como resultado principal, la reducción de la escorrentía. Un punto interesante de esta investigación fue la incorporación del tránsito de hidrogramas en los techos, reduciendo aún más el caudal pico y el tiempo al pico de los hidrogramas generados.

Este estudo apresentou diferenças anatômicas relacionadas às espécies Piper lepturum. var. lepturum e P. lepturumvar. angustifolium, que são às vezes consideradas como variedades e em outros casos como sinônimos. Para a análise histológica, folhas completamente expandidas foram coletadas e para análise ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV), pequenos fragmentos de ambas as faces de nervura central foram fixados. As duas espécies revelaram diferenças na anatomia vegetal, e foi observado que no pecíolo de P. lepturum var. lepturum há presença de alas persistentes e células epidérmicas papilosas, e estas características estão ausentes em P. lepturum var. angustifolium. Houve também a presença de ráfides tanto no pecíolo quanto na lâmina foliar apenas em P. lepturum var. angustifolium, diferenciando as duas espécie. Estudos recentes mostram a importância da anatomia vegetal com espécies onde há questões relacionadas à delimitação taxonômica.

This study showed anatomical differences related to Piper lepturumvar. lepturum and P. lepturum var. angustifolium species, sometimes considered varieties and in other cases synonyms. For histological analysis, fully expanded leaves were collected and for analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fragments from the midrib were fixed on both leaf surfaces. The two species revealed differences in plant anatomy and it was observed that the stem of P. lepturum var. lepturum showed persistent wings and papillary epidermal cells, and these characters are absent in P. lepturum var. angustifolium. There was also the presence of raphides only in the lamina leaf and petiole of P. lepturum var. angustifolium, differentiating the two species. Recent studies have shown the importance of plant anatomy with species where there are issues related to taxonomic delimitation.

Este artigo apresenta o Sistema de Informação de Custos do Governo Federal, descrevendo o modelo e suas principais características, desde o conceito até a finalidade e os grupos de usuários, explorando a correspondência entre os conceitos de contabilidade governamental e de custos. O artigo demonstra o relacionamento entre as políticas públicas, recursos, atividades e objetos de custo. Para tanto, remete aos conceitos de sistema de acumulação e método de custeio de custos no setor público, correlacionando-os aos sistemas de informação governamentais. O artigo também apresenta o modelo téorico-conceitual, as diretrizes que sustentaram a sua concepção e a descrição do seu processo de implantação que ainda está em curso. O artigo finalmente olha para o futuro, depois de vencida a etapa de implantação do sistema, e exorta os leitores a se inserirem no debate sobre mensuração de custos. A importância do SIC é enfatizada como elemento de melhoria da qualidade do gasto no setor público

This article presents the Cost Information System (CIS) of the Brazilian federal government. It describes the taxonomic model and its main features, from its concepts to its purposes and user groups, and explores the correlation between the concepts of governmental accounting and cost accounting. It demonstrates the relationship between public policies, fund management, activities and cost objects. To this end, it uses the concepts of accumulation system, costing method and costs in the public sector, as well as government information systems. The article also presents the theoretic conceptual model and the guidelines of the design, and describes the implementation process, which is still ongoing. It finally looks into the future after the development stage of the CIS, and urges its readers to dive into the debate about measuring costs. The importance of CIS to improve the quality of spending in the public sector is highlighted

The aim of this paper is to comprehend the role of experience in the training of event agencies managers. The experience of five managers from different agencies from Herval d'Oeste and Joaçaba, Santa Catarina's state, Brazil was analyzed. Qualitative interviews were conducted with semi-structured questions, which were asked to managers of the five agencies located in these cities. The interviews were transcribed and the data was analyzed using textual interpretation's analysis. The results suggest that respondents learn through experience in events held day by day, using mainly the processes of trial and error. Despite tourism is understood as being predominantly tacit, there is also the experience coming from formal education that is relevant for the development of the experience of these managers.

El presente artículo intenta comprender el rol de la experiencia en la formación de los gerentes de las agencias de eventos analizando la práctica de cinco gerentes en diferentes agencias en los municipios de Herval d'Oeste y Joaçaba, en el estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas cualitativas semi-estructuradas cuyos resultados fueron procesados por medio del análisis textual interpretativo. Los mismos sugieren que los entrevistados aprenden por intermedio de la experiencia adquirida cotidianamente en las agencia, utilizando el método de ensayo y error. A pesar de que el saber turístico muchas veces es definido como tácito, se puede señalar también que la experiencia adquirida a través de la enseñanza formal es relevante para el desarrollo de las propias experiencias de los gestores